Heating apparatus



(No Model.)

2 Sheets-Sheet 1. 0. FISCHER. HEATING APPARATUS.

Patented Sept. 3; 1895.

" WITNE 5 SE 5 TOR bk/E14 i 'm T-ro NE NITE TATES CHRISTIAN FISCHER, OFKANSAS CITY, KANSAS.

H EATING APPARATUS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of 7 Letters Patent No. 545,470, datedSeptember 3, 1895.

. Application filed April 8, 1895. Serial No. 545,014- (No model.)

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, CHRISTIAN FISCHER, a citizen of the United States,residing at Kansas City, in the county of Wyandotte and State of Kansas,have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Heating Apparatus;and I do hereby declare that the following is a fu1l,.clear, and exactdescription of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in theart to which it appertains to make and use the same, reference being'hadto the accompanying drawings, forming a part of this specification.

My invention has for its objects, primarily, to sustain combustion in aheating apparatus solely by descending air currents, andthereby obtainthe maximum degrees of heat from the products of combustion; second, toeffect an excess of heat radiation from the front portion of heatingapparatus; and, third, to increase the flow of caloric in theventiducts.

My invention consists in the novel construction and combination ofparts, such as will first be fully described, and specifically pointedout in the claims.

In the drawings, Figure l is a view in perspective of the improvedheating apparatus with portions of the outer casing or shell broken awayto show the novel parts. Fig. 2 is a vertical sectional view of theimproved heating apparatus, taken on line a: a: of Fig. 3. Fig. 3 is ahorizontal sectional view taken on the line y y of Fig. 2.

Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in all thefigures.

Referring to the drawings, A represents the base of the heatingapparatus or stove, which consists of a rectangular-shaped box made ofsuitable depth and supported by the legs a a.

lathe front end a of the boxor base A is an opening 0, which extends thegreater part of the length of said end, and is of the proper height topermit the entrance and removal of the receptacle B for the ashes.

C is the door which extends over the opening 0 and past the respectivesides of said opening, and'is made to fit closely against the end a. ofbase A. To insure a nearly perfect exclusion of air-currents from thebase A, the parts of the dodrand of the end a of the box A which come incontact are made smooth and the door C clam ed to said end in thefollowing manner: Upon the outer side portion and at each end of thedoor C are cast the lugs 0 0 which lugs are perforated horizontally andin a plane parallel with said door. In the lugs o c is pivoted aU-shaped crank lever D, the main portion of which between the respectivelugs c 0. is weighted in the desired degree. One of the pivots d of thelever D extends beyond the outer edge portion of the door C, and is bentat right angles in the direction of the end a, of the base A, so as toform a crank, and also at d in an upward direction in asingle curvedline. Upon the end a ot' the box or case is a fixed staple 01 which isin the path of and receives the said curved end d of the pivot d. Theother pivot in the lug c at the other end of door C is extended beyondthe outer edge portion of said door, and is bent in the direction of theend a of the base, and also extended upwardly in a curved line and madeto engage with a staple d which is arranged in position on the end a ofthe basein precisely the same manner as described of staple d and theengaging portion d of pivot d.

The heat-radiator consists of an external cylindrical shell or case E,the lower end of which rests upon the top a of the base A, and extendsin a line concentric with and a short distance from the edge of thecircular opening a in the top a of the base A, and is connected withsaid base in such a manner as to exclude air-currents between said shelland base. Upon the upper end portion of the cylinder or case E, whichextends upwardly a considerable distance, is rigidly attached an annularflat top portion e of the stove, the edges of which project outwardly ashort distance from the outer side portion of the radiating-case E.Within case E and to the inner side portion of the part c of the top isrigidly attached the upper end portion of a cylindrical case or shell F,the diameter of which case is about one-third less than the describeddiameter of the case or shell E. The case F is arranged concentric inposition within the case E, so that its parts are at-a correspondingdistance from the interior portions of the case E, and the lower end ofsaid case F extends in a downward direction a short distance below apoint equidistant from the respective upper and lower ends of said shellE, so as to form between the external and internal cases E and F acircular smokeflue f". At the lower end portion of the case F and uponthe inner side portion thereof is rigidly attached an annular fiangef',extending at right angles from said case, and which flange iscomparatively narrow in width and its outer edge portion concentric withthe case F. W'ithin the case or shell F is arranged the rotatablefuel-magazine G, which also consists of a removable cylindrical case,the diameter of which is considerably less than the described diameterof the case F. The upper end portion of the magazine G extends throughan opening c in the top 6 of the stove and is rigidly attached to arotatable annular flat plate E, which rests upon the annularsupporting-flange e. The lower end portion of the magazine extends in adownward direction a short distance below the under side portion of theflange f on the case F, the outer side portion fitting closely theconcentric inner edge of said flange, thereby forming a circularhot-airand draft chamber 9" between the fuel-magazine G and the case F.

To the lower end portion of the magazine is connected the upper endportion of the separate grate-bars g 9 which are arranged a shortdistance apart and extend entirely around the lower end of said magazineand form the upper portion of the fire-pot for the passage of theelements of combustion. Each bar g extends in a downward direction aconsiderable distance and the lower end made narrower in width than theupper end. In the plate E is a circular opening e for the fuel. To theplate E is pivoted at e an annular cover E the edge e of which is fittedto extend over the opening 6'.

In the side of the magazine G, a short distance below the top E, is acircular pipe-opening g. In the other side of the magazine,diametrically opposite the opening g, is an opening g. In the opening g issecured rigidly one end of an air-conducting pipe H, which communicateswith the chamber g The other end of pipe H extends within the magazineand the opening g and also communicates with the circular chamber g". Tothe inner side portion of the pipe I-I, within the fuel-magazine and at"a point equidistant from the inner side portion of the magazine G, isrigidly attached the upper end portion of the airsupply pipe H, thediameter of which is the same as pipe H. The lower end of pipe H extendsin a downward direction to a position a short distance below a linedescribed transversely to the magazine and through the upper end of thebars 9 of the fire-pot. To said end of pipe H is attached in anyWell-known manner a perforated cap it, which is composed of fire-clay orother suitable material. Beneath the pipe H' is the rotatable portion Iof the fire-pot. Said portion I consists of a cone-shaped case ordeflector K, the apex of which deflector extends upwardly in thedirection of and to a position within a short distance of the perforatedcap it on the lower end of the air-draft pipe H. To the bottom portion7.: of the deflector K is connected rigidly the lower end portions ofthe respective flat grate-bars z" i, which bars are arranged a suitabledistance apart in the direction of the circumference of the base of saiddeflector K, and each bar extends from said bottom in an outwarddirection from a common center a short distance, and thence upwardly ina curved line and its upper end attached rigidly to a circular ring i,which ring is in position near the lower end portions of the bars 9forming the upper portion of the fire-pot. The other bars are connectedwith the ring "6 in the same manner as described of bar 1}, the upperend of the said bars being considerably wider than the lower ends.

To the top portion a of base A and near the rear end of the said basewithin the case E is attached rigidly one end of a curved supporting-barm, the other end of which bar bears against the rear portion of thegrate I and sup ports said grate in position. Upon the other side of thebase A isa supporting-bar W, (see Fig. 2,) which is arranged to supportthe other side of the grate in like manner.

For the purpose of placing the fuel in the fire-pot in the initialpreparation of the stove for use and also operating said fire-pot, arectangular-shaped opening 'n is made in the case E, extending from thetop a of the base above the door 0 a short distance, and so fartransversely as to permit the operation of the shaker-bar. On each sideof the opening '21 are flanges n it, connected with the outer sideportion of the case E, the upper edges of which incline downwardlytoward the top a of the base. The opening it is securely closed by adrop-door N, hinged to the lateral extensions of the flanges n n,forming part of the cover to the opening a. Said door N is made to fitclosely the inclined edgesof the flanges 'n 'n and exclude air-currents.

In the chamberf between case E and case F and near the top of the stove,is arranged a separate air-circulatory chamber or case P. Said caseextends in width from the inner side portion of case E'to the outer sideportion of case F and in the circular direction described by saidchamber from a position corresponding to one side of case E toward therear part of said case and to a point directly opposite in chamber f"the other end of said case. Said case is closed at both ends andattached fixedly in position to the case E, above which is asmoke-passage 19*. A ventiduct 19 is connected with the under sideportion and end of the case I. Near one end of said case the other endextends in a downward direction and fitted closely in an opening a inthe bottom a of the base A. To the other end of case P is connected aventiduct p, which extends within a similar opening to opening a in thebottom a of the base.

In the case P in the direction of the rear end of the stove is aregistering flanged openin g 19 and in the side of the case E is anopening registering therewith through which the flange is passed. To theflanged opening p is connected one end of aheat-conducting pipe R, whichis extended in an upward direction into an apartment above or in anyrequired.

direction. To the top portion e of the stove, at a point removed a shortdistance laterally from the position of'the pipe R, is connected thesmoke-carrying pipe S, which communicates with the chamberf In thechamber f between the respective cases E F is arranged a verticalair-flue T. Said flue consists of alongitudinal box closed at both ends.in an upward direction in chamber f a considerable height above thelower end of the case F and is attached to said case. In the case F andthe flue T at the point of connection is a registering opening 15communicating with the chamber 9 The lower end of the flue T extendsdownwardly to the inner side of the bottom a of base A in rear of theashpan B. In the side of the flue T, in the direction of the rear end ofthe base A, is an opening t of considerable size, around which is aflange 25 which flange extends through and closely fits'the opening 15in the rear end of the said base A and a short distance beyond the outerside portion of said end. To regulate the admission of air to the flue Tan air valve or tube V, open at its lower end, is provided with anopening 7; slightly larger in dimensions than the opening 25 in oneside, around which opening is a flange '0 which fits over the flange tof the flue T. In the tube V is fitted an air valve or tube V, which isprovided with a cap '0 at its upper end. To the said cap is connected across-bar or handle 11 which engages with the notches o in the circularupper edge of the tube V.- In the side portion of the tube V is alongitudinal slot 12 which registers withthe opening t in the flue T.

In the initial preparation for the introduction of the fuel within thestove the door N is raised in position and the shaker applied to the lug2' on grate T. The rod 0 is then drawn outwardly, so as to release thecrankbar L, and the portion I of the fire-pot is moved forward anddownwardly and adjusts itself in position, as seen in dotted lines, Fig.2, the declension of the crank-bar being sufficient to afford spaceabove the fire-pot to insert the amount of kindlings which isintroduced. The hand is then appliedto the bent end 1 of the crank-barL, and guided by the shaker'the fire-pot is raised upwardly in positionnear the magazine and the rod 0 operated to push the angle-iron beneaththe lever or bent portion Z of the crank-bar and the fire-pot is securedin said position. The

cover E of the magazine is then removed and.

the magazine filled with coal or other fuel for One end of the flue Textends combustion, which falls upon the kindlings in the fire-pot. Airis then admitted to the draftpipe H through valve V. Fire is applied tothe kindlings in the fire-pot and the oxygen admitted to the flue T insufficient quantity, which passes to the chamber which chamberalsoprevents the intense heatfrom extending to the magazine G. It will beobserved that the only supply of oxygen atforded to the fire is obtainedthrough the draft-tube T, which enters the chamber 9 and becomes heatedto a high degree, thence passes to the pipe H, thence downwardly throughpipe H, and through the perforated cap h, aiding the combustion. Uponthe ignition of the combustible materials in the fire-pot the flame isfed around the cone K, which as the fire increases in intensity deflectsthe flame outwardly in r the direction of the openings between thegrate-bars g of the fire-pot, and the elements of combustion passupwardly between the cases E F and in chamber f and are diverted by thechamber P, and pass around the ends of said chamberinto the passage 10,thence upwardly through the smoke-conducting pipe S, in which movementthe flame is caused to extend forward in the direction of the front partof the stove, and the radiation which follows is thereby increased incase E in the front part of the stove. The heat imparted to the chamberP causes an induction of cold air through the ventiducts 10 p, and whichbecomes rapidly heated as the combustion increases in the fire-pot, andthis heated air is conveyed through pipe R to the desired apartment. Inthe heat generated around the cone K and below the end h of thedraftpipe the flame consumes the fuel in the firepot I; or, in otherwords, no air is supplied from below the fire-pot, and necessarily theflame is diverted from the center of the fire outwardly, consuming thematerial as it falls, the ashes falling through the fire-pot I into theash-pan B. Inthis manner combustion is nearly perfect and theair-currents are not intercepted by the accumulated ashes. The intensityof the fire is regulated by the valve V, which is operated by liftingthe handle from the notches on valve V, and by means of which valve thecold air is admitted in greater or less quantity, and as all parts ofthe stove are so made as to exclude the aircurrents, except through thedraft-tubes, the slow combustion of the fuel is maintained at longintervals of time and. with great economy in the quantity of fuelrequired for con sumption. The replenishing of the magazine with fuel issufficient to insure continued combustion without further manipulationof the fire-pot, there being no clinkers formed from refuse ashes and noobstruction to the quantity of oxygen supplied through the airducts. Thepartial rotation of the magazine, however, which is effected by thelever 6 and also of the fire-pot, serves to accelerate the supyly offuel and disintegrate coarse material which may fall adjacent to theindependently-rotating parts of the fire-pot. The grate-bars 9 may bemade separate from the magazine and attached to a separate circularplate, if preferred.

The apparatus may be constructed with or without the 'ventiducts and thechamber P and the smoke transmitted from the chamber 9" direct to pipeS, if preferred.

My invention is applicable to all heating apparatus, and especially toportable fur- Having fully described my invention, what I now claim asnew, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. Inaheating apparatus comprisingacase, a magazine for fuel within saidcase having a passage for the products of combustion between said caseand magazine, and an outlet in said case, a hot air and draft chamberbetween said magazine and said case in said passage, and openings in thesides of said magazine, and an air conducting pipe within said magazine,and in said openings and com municating with said hot air and draftchamher, a draft pipe connected with said air conducting pipe extendingdownwardly within said magazine to the place of combustion and means forsupplying air to the hot air and draft chamber substantially in themanner and for the purpose set forth.

2. In a heating stove acase having an outlet for the products ofcombustion in its upper portion, and an inlet for the cold air in thebase of said stove, a magazine within said stove having a hot air anddraft chamber between said magazine and said case, and pipe openings inthe sides of said magazine, and a pipe in said openings communicatingwith said hot air and draft chamber, and a draft pipe connected withsaid air conducting pipe extending downwardly in said magazine to theplace of combustion, a tire pot beneath said magazine and a cold airconductor within the cold air inlet extending to and connected with thesaid hot air and draft chamber substantially as and for the purposedescribed.

3. In a heating stove a case having an out let for the products ofcombustion in the upper part thereof and an inlet for the cold air inthe base of said stove, an interior concentric hot air and draft casehaving a circular passage for the products of combustion between therespective cases a magazine on the inner side of the concentric hot airand draft case having pipe openings communicating with said hot air anddraft case, a fire pot beneath said magazine, an air conducting pipe insaid pipe openings and a draft pipe connected with said air conductingpipe extending downwardly within said fire pot, and a cold airconductorin the said cold air inlet in the base of said stove extending withinthe passage for the products of combustion and connected with said hotair and draft case, and means for regulating the supply of cold air tothe said conductor substantialy as described.

4. In a heating stove a case having an outlet in theupper part thereoffor the products of combustion and an inlet for the cold air in the baseof said stove an interior concentric hot air case having a circularpassage for the products of combustion between the respective cases, anda horizontal circalar deflecting flue Within the passage for theproducts of combustion and immediately below the outlet in the exteriorcase and extending part of the distance in said passage in oppositedirections a heat conducting pipe connected with said horizontal flueextending through the exterior case and ventiducts connected at one endwith the said deflecting fine and having the other end extending throughthe base of said stove for the purposedescribed.

CHRISTIAN FISCHER.

Witnesses:

S. L. HASSON, FRANCIS M. HAYWARD.

